![]() It has attained notoriety in recent years due to potential health risks. PVC has poor resistance to high temperatures and will distort at 160 ☏ (71 ☌), making it incompatible with hot-filled products. This material is chemically resistant, but it is vulnerable to some solvents. It provides a strong barrier to most gases, and its drop-impact resistance is also very good. It has high resistance to oils, and has transmits very little oxygen. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) PVC is naturally clear. Polystyrene does not provide good barrier properties, and exhibits poor impact resistance. ![]() It is commonly used with dry products, including vitamins, petroleum jellies, and spices. Polystyrene (PS) PS is transparent and rigid. PP has excellent chemical resistance, but provides poor impact resistance in cold temperatures. The compatibility of PP with high filling temperatures is responsible for its use with hot fill products. It is autoclavable and offers the potential for steam sterilization. Polypropylene is stable at temperatures up to 220 ☏ (104 ☌). It is rigid and is a barrier to moisture. Polypropylene (PP) PP is used primarily for jars and closures. Five-gallon water bottles are a common application of PC. Polycarbonate (PC) PC is a clear plastic used to make bottles for milk and water. This material is not resistant at high temperature. The orienting process serves to improve gas and moisture barrier properties and impact strength. PET provides very good alcohol and essential oil barrier properties, generally good chemical resistance (although acetones and ketones will attack PET), and a high degree of impact resistance and tensile strength. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE) / Polyester This resin is commonly used for carbonated beverages, water bottles, and food packaging. LDPE is significantly more expensive than HDPE. ![]() LDPE is used primarily for squeeze applications. It is less rigid and generally less chemically resistant than HDPE, but is more translucent. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) LDPE is similar in composition to HDPE. Fluorine-treated bottles may contain insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, photographic chemicals, agricultural chemicals, household and industrial cleaners, electronic chemicals, medical cleaners and solvents, citrus products, d-limonene, flavors, fragrances, essential oils, surfactants, polishes, additives, graffiti cleaning products, pre-emergents, stone and tile care products, waxes, paint thinner, gasoline, biodiesel, xylene, acetone, kerosene and more. Fluorine-treated HDPE These bottles are exposed to fluorine gas in a secondary operation, are similar in appearance to HDPE, and serve as a barrier to hydrocarbons and aromatic solvents. While HDPE provides good protection at below freezing temperatures, it cannot be used with products filled above 190 ☏ (88 ☌) or products requiring a hermetic (vacuum) seal. HDPE lends itself to silk screen decoration. The addition of color will make HDPE opaque, but not glossy. HDPE is naturally translucent and flexible. It is supplied in FDA-approved food grade. HDPE is compatible with a wide range of products including acids and caustics but is not compatible with solvents. This material is economical, impact resistant, and provides a good moisture barrier. Petrochemical resins High-density polyethylene (HDPE) HDPE is the most widely used resin for plastic bottles. The materials used in the manufacture of plastic bottles vary by application. PET bottle preform before blow molding, filling and labeling Except for wine and beer, the food industry has largely replaced glass bottles with plastic bottles. However, the biggest advantage plastic bottles have over their glass counterparts is their superior resistance to breakage, in both production and transportation. They quickly became popular with both manufacturers and customers because compared to glass bottles, plastic bottles are lighter, cheaper and easier to transport. Plastic bottles were first used commercially in 1947, but remained relatively expensive until the early 1950s when high-density polyethylene was introduced. Plastic was invented in the 19th century and was originally used to replace common materials such as ivory, rubber, and shellac. Consumer blow molded containers often have integral handles or are shaped to facilitate grasping. ![]() The size ranges from very small bottles to large carboys. Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, milk, and ink. A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high-density or low density plastic. ![]()
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